Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Living By number free essay sample

The rundown This case essentially clarifies about the problem that looked by Hafiz Hashim who is the CFO of MarineCorp Sdn Bhd (MarineCorp). This organization was consolidated in 1992 and was an auxiliary of SURIA. MarineCorp has two completely auxiliaries which are Green Port Sdn Bhd (GreenPort) and Sungai Emas Port Sdn Bhd. Its principle activity was the oceanic arrangements suppliers for the SURIA gathering of organizations like give marine counseling administrations to SURIA and its related temporary workers that incorporated those for recently vessels for upstream and downstream oil and gas tasks. There are a few issues happened which are the director who is leader of SURIA need Hafiz to utilize esteem based administration (VBM) strategy to assess execution assessment and examination of the workers dependent on monetary profit. By the by, hafiz has diverse feeling with the director. He felt that worth organization execution ought to be estimated dependent on venture make by value and obligations holders. We will compose a custom article test on Living By number or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It implies that they have to see venture dependent on expected return and cost of capital acquired by organization. The hero The hero or leader for this case is Hafiz Hashim. He is the CFO of MarineCorp and capable to report the money related execution of MarineCorp and its two auxiliaries which are Green Port Sdn Bhd and Sungai Emas Port Sdn Bhd to the company’s board. The significant issues There are two primary issues looked by CFO of MarineCorp, Hafiz Hashim. First issue was when President of Suria had needed Value Based Management (VBM) to be utilized for the Suria Group, its auxiliaries and related organizations. Second, Hafiz was in a quandary whether to utilize monetary income as required by the Group or benefits as rehearsed by MarineCorp to report the money related execution of MarineCorp and its auxiliaries. The issue There are a few issues that have been identified occur in the association. To begin with, CFO confronted compelled from GM of Green Port and MarineCorp in regards to bookkeeping issues and they desire to improve company’s execution so them two could accomplished their exhibition pointer. With respect to GM of Green Port, Anita Osman, she had mentioned to the CFO to amortize the digging costs so as to improve the company’s benefit for the eventual benefits of the organization just as to accomplish her KPI target. Notwithstanding, CFO contended that cost of digging must be charged in the monetary year they were brought about. So also, GM of MarineCorp, Lee Chong Way, he couldn't help contradicting the suggestion proposed by CFO to deliver profits to its investor in light of the fact that the money assets are utilized to create premium pay on subsidize speculations. Also, the organization should concentrate on improving benefit as it is the fundamental assessment in company’s positioning. In any case, it is really his exhibition focus on that must be accomplished. Second, Chairman likewise mentioned him to rank the three organizations as far as their money related execution. Be that as it may, the inquiries emerge on how it ought to get estimated. For instance, use productivity as the sole estimation, distinguish better execution marker to guarantee reasonable assessment or decide explicit activity to improve execution. Notwithstanding to that, the executive underlined on the significance of clutching the gathering esteem drivers to guarantee endurance and achievement. Third, the Chairman had interrogated concerning the contention of the enrolled net benefit after expense for the period 2009. Through the CFO examination, he said that company’s really decimating its worth. Hence, executive urges him to propose on the most proficient method to improve the presentation of the organization since this logical inconsistency may influence the exhibition assessment of the GMs and CEO. The short portrayal of the case shows In view of the Appendix G, the organization execution has been estimated by Net Operating Profit after Tax (NOPAT), Average Invested Capital, Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) and Capital Charged. Green Port has demonstrating the most elevated benefit, trailed by MarineCorp and Sungai Emas Port. Underestimate Based Management (VBM), Green Port has indicating a negative figure which is - 14,588,232, where by Sungai Emas Port and MarineCorp are 5,030,563 and 14,274,611 individually. This is demonstrated worth has obliterated for Green Port and Sungai Emas Port and MarineCorp are making an incentive for the organization.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Psychology essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Brain research - Essay Example Nine months after the execution of these changes, an ongoing representative exhibition evaluation uncovered that worker execution and inspiration levels had diminished. This article will use the hypothesis of mental agreement and the attribution hypothesis to assess why the representatives are encountering the previously mentioned changes. These will be trailed by proposals that the firm could apply so as to enhance this circumstance. A mental agreement could be characterized as a lot of guarantees and convictions held by an individual representative about the conditions of the trade between the worker and their association, or the operator of the association (Wellin, 28). The mental agreement can be an intricate idea since it is an unwritten guideline that can't be straightforwardly communicated in a substantial manner. In any case, there have been contentions such that a breakdown of the mental agreement can bring about lackluster showing of individual specialists or of the association all in all (Anderson, 102). This can be brought about by a decrease in levels of association responsibility, absence of inspiration, nonattendance and participation issues and significant levels of staff turnover, some of which the monetary organization is as of now encountering. Being a mental as opposed to a lawful agreement, a mental agreement alludes to convictions about the arrangement rather than what is contained recorded as a hard copy inside the conventional business contract about the arrangement (Conway and Briner, 23). Penetrate is likely the most significant thought in mental agreement hypothesis since it is the primary method of seeing how the mental contact influences the sentiments, perspectives and practices of workers. A penetrate of the mental agreement happens when one gathering sees that different has neglected to satisfy guaranteed commitments. For this situation, the money related organization’s freeze on pay-rises and extra time installments joined with the freeze in practically all preparation could

Thursday, August 20, 2020

Back in Cambridge

Back in Cambridge Well, Im back at MIT after a lovely Thanksgiving in the land of the Pilgrims (and some good post-holiday shopping, too!). Adam and I took our friend Chris 09 back to Plymouth with us his dad works for the Department of Defense, so his family lives on Okinawa, and it would have been silly for him to fly all the way back there just to turn around and fly back here. So instead he came to Plymouth with us on his first visit to an American suburb. We took the commuter rail out of South Station on Wednesday afternoon, after I finished up two more grad school apps (eek!) and Adam had finished a 16.100 (Aerodynamics) lab. We got to Plymouth in time to laze around and watch War of the Worlds with Adams dad (um, lame movie) and crash into bed early (that 5/3 of a day thing I talked about last time). I woke up Thursday morning with Adams best friend from high school, Malox (actual name: Alex), towering over me. Malox had come to collect Adam for the annual Plymouth North/Plymouth South football game, even though it was pouring rain and freezing. I elected to stay in bed. After I finally dragged myself into some clothes and makeup, Adams relatives came over and we had a lovely Thanksgiving dinner not as good a Thanksgiving dinner as Im sure my family had back in Ohio, but dont tell Adam I said that. Friday was, of course, shopping day, and we got to introduce Chris to good old American consumerism. I bought presents for my mom, my brother, and my dog. I also found a great little sleeper for the baby daughter of my best friend from high school (Im from Ohio, okay?) its a white sleeper with blue and green glow-in-the-dark dinosaurs. (Yes, I bought a dinosaur sleeper for a girl. And why not? Girls are allowed to think dinosaurs are cool too.) After shopping, Adams mom needed to get some more money from the bank, so we stopped by the drive-through window (you know, the one with that vacuum tube that you put the check in). Chris was very excited about this tube. I think it may be the thing he currently likes best about America that and the beautiful people who work at Hollister. After shopping, I wanted to go see Rent, but I got outvoted, and we went out to dinner with Adams family, then over to Adams friend Jimbos (real name: James) and hung out around a bonfire. We came home and lounged in the hot tub on Adams roof and pointed out various constellations and nebulae to Chris. On the way back up to Cambridge this afternoon, Adams mom stopped at Walmart and bought us groceries hooray for moms! So Adam and I came back and made homemade pasta sauce, and now were curled up with the illegal space heater under a fuzzy blanket watching TV movies. Yay for holidays! A question, not really answered: 1. Dalia asked why ingesting carbs makes you tired. This is a very hand-wavy explanation, but I suspect that its due primarily to the sharp increase in blood glucose after a carb meal high blood sugar is supposed to make you tired, although Im not really sure why. I think it probably also has something to do with the spike in brain serotonin that occurs after a carb-rich meal new research in the works from Dr. Wurtman, my 9.15 (Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission) professor, suggests that eating a carb-rich meal transiently raises your brain serotonin as much as a dose of Prozac. True story! 2. Dave asked if my family really cuts down our own Christmas tree. Yup! We go to a tree farm a few miles down the (dirt) road from my house. Last year, when Adam came home with me, I handed him a saw and said Make me proud, city boy! Heh.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

What Factors Make Up A Superstar Of A Generation Essay

What factors make up a superstar of a generation? A superstar is made after years of hard work, motivation, dedication and practice. Very few people know the story behind a superstar. Michael Jackson, also known as the King of Pop, was the greatest musician and dancer the world had ever known. In society, we only appreciate what the media wants us to appreciate. The story, â€Å"Back in the Day† by John Jeremiah Sullivan, was written post World War II. It illustrates the pop culture ruled by Michael Jackson and the collage of his excellence and absurdity. Sullivan talks about Sexism – sex oppression and celebrity – media scrutiny faced by Michael Jackson. â€Å"The Idea of Michael Jackson’s Dick† by Steve Almond is a made up story, but it had elements of reality. This story talks about Michael’s confusion about his race, gender and the way he handles his celebrity life. Michael Jackson came from a family full of entertainers with an extremely aggressive stage – dad. Michael Jackson always wanted super stardom which he achieved through his hard work. Although he was talented and always in the limelight, he had a lonely life which was full of contradictions. Michael Jackson was the living proof of a superstar’s life portrayed in public. Since he was extremely fragile and had a sensitive personality along with emotional problems, it was really hard for him to handle societal pressures. Hilton Als talks about Michael Jackson’s upbringing as a child and the difficulties he faced toShow MoreRelatedMichael Jordan Research Paper1553 Words   |  7 Pagesdrives to the basket. Other players liked to distribute the ball to the open man, but Jordan enjoyed attacking the basket and working for his points. â€Å"The impact of Jordan’s game was so profound that the league decided to change the rule of the game and make it more interesting and enjoyable by discouraging the defenders to stay within the lane for three seconds.†(Kovacs). Many players, black or white, started working on developing the same attributes as Jordan. â€Å"Suddenly, basketball became less aboutRead MoreElvis s Impact On Popular Culture1741 Words   |  7 PagesElvis’s Impact on Popular Culture The foundations of today’s popular music were built by an unlikely source: a poor white boy from Tupelo, Mississippi. Elvis Presley’s country roots would become a major factor in his success as the King of Rock and Roll. While it is true that Elvis was not the inventor of rock and roll music, he was the first man to introduce postwar youth to the genre that would revolutionize American culture. The role Elvis Presley played in the evolution of popular music is unprecedentedRead MoreWwe Case Study4810 Words   |  20 Pagesnot always been easy, having seen its share of new competitors in the wrestling industry, various legal disputes, and failed ventures into other territories. The brand found itself coming out of a five year slump that was a result of a lack of a superstar that could carry its reputation. Currently, the WWE is trying to recapture the energy that built them. Efforts to do so have come in the form of more live events, producing movies, subscription services to access past content. After thoroughly examiningRead MoreAthletes And Professional Sports Athletes914 Words   |  4 Pagesrespect there comes consequences with taking steroids, particularly with getting caught, these matters can be a problem for the sports athletes trustworthiness, short term health problems, personal wellness, wrong case in point for America’s younger generation and America’s self image. Consequently for an athlete’s overall wel l being, engaging in illegal substance should not be his or her ideal priorities. 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According to American Psychological Association, gender and sexualityRead MoreHoop Dreams : Dream Deferred2370 Words   |  10 Pagesrecruited from different parts of Chicago, but they came together to begin their freshman year at St. Joseph’s High School, the institution that built Basketball superstar Isaiah Thomas. Both Arthur and William begin their journey in a similar manner, but were exposed to the complexity of t heir dream, their education, and negative societal factors that ultimately change the course of their lives. Criminological Examination Criminology, as defined, is the scientific approach to conducting an in depth analysisRead MoreLeadership Is The Act Of Motivating And Guiding1234 Words   |  5 Pageshave the means to drive any willing organization and make it successful. Willing is included because leadership seeks to eliminate unease and help the group visualize objectives and begin working fluently towards that initiative. Good leadership can envision and empower a group focusing it to overcome and prosper. Good guidance can turn underachievers into all-stars or take the misdirected group of all-stars and focus them into a team of superstars. They eliminate the value of titles and work to includeRead MoreEssay about Future Psychology1621 Words   |  7 Pagesserial killings, muggings, and smog. Times change. Many of todayamp;#8217;s accepted virtues might one day be judged as crimes against humanity and nature, which leads to the question: What kind of world do you want to live in? Our ancient habit is to stumble backwards into the future. We feel that we as individuals make little difference, as if history and the future just happen at us. Obscure plans, which have guided people forward in the past, have now rendered themselves useless. There are no known

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

10 Roommate Gift Ideas That Wont Blow Your Budget

Even though you sometimes know more about your roommate than anyone else on campus, finding the perfect gift can still be challenging. Fortunately, with a little creative thinking, you can get your male or female roommate the perfect holiday, birthday, or farewell gift without blowing your budget. Something Only  You Know They Need You may see your roommate struggling with something that has been well-loved for a little too long. It could be a new hair dryer, a new towel set, a new shower caddy, or generally anything they use frequently. Something of Yours That Theyre Always Borrowing Your rain boots, favorite shirt, jeans, cute black pumps, or basketball may technically be yours, but seem to have been adopted by your roommate lately. Give them a new, similar product of their own so they can enjoy it without worrying—and without having to check with you first. A Gift Certificate to Their Favorite Restaurant On or Off Campus Does your roommate always walk around with a Starbucks coffee, Jamba Juice smoothie, or burger from the place across the street? Consider getting a small gift certificate to a place you know they already love. A Gift From the Campus Bookstore Because honestly, who minds having another t-shirt, sweatshirt, or pair of comfy pants with your school logo on them? A Small Gift Every Day of Their Birthday  Week This is a great option if youre a little short on cash. You can surprise your roommate with something fun every day of their birthday week: their favorite candy bar placed on their computer keyboard one day, a box of their favorite cereal the next. A New Laptop Bag/Backpack/Gym Bag/Purse/etc College students are notoriously rough on their bags. And, given that you share living quarters, youve probably seen the worst of the worst when it comes to how your roommate treats their backpack, gym bag, etc. Consider getting them a replacement or even just an extra one for when things get really ugly. Some of Their Favorite Personal Products Does your roommate have a favorite perfume? Cologne? Brand of flip-flops theyre always wearing? Grab an extra one, throw it in a gift bag, and ... voila! Instant personal roommate gift. A Book by Their Favorite Author or on Their Favorite Topic Chances are, your roommate has some passions and interests that they dont get the chance to read about just for pleasure. Surprise them with something theyll enjoy without having to worry about writing a paper on later. A Simple Electronic Device to Make Life Easier You can never have too many thumb drives, phone chargers, or earphones. These inexpensive electronics make for great, inexpensive gifts. A Gift Certificate to Their Favorite Website Does your roommate love iTunes? An online game? Consider getting them a gift certificate that they can use electronically. Added bonus: These make great last-minute gifts since theyre often delivered instantly.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Rate of Evaporation- Research Paper Free Essays

Internal Assessment: Rate of Evaporation Ann George Mr. Frias/4th Period Wheeler High School Research Question How will changing the molar mass of alcohol affect the rate of evaporation, represented by the change in temperature over time, measured using a temperature probe? Research/Abstract Alcohol is an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group, OH, is bound to a carbon atom. Its carbon center should be saturated; it should have single bonds to three other atoms. We will write a custom essay sample on Rate of Evaporation- Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The different types of alcohols are determined by the kinds of CH2 groups while the number of CH2 groups there are tells you the volume of the alcohol. The acyclic alcohols are the most basic and one of the most important groups of alcohol. The general formula of acyclic alcohols is: CnH2n+1OH. There are different types of acyclic alcohols. The most commonly used form of acyclic alcohol is ethanol which is a clear, volatile, flammable liquid that boils at 78. 4?. It is used as an industrial solvent, car fuel, and as raw materials in the chemical industry. Ethanol is widely used as a solvent for human contact or consumption, including perfumes, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. Another type of acyclic acid is methanol, and it is also the simplest sort of alcohol. It is a clear liquid that resembles ethanol is odor and properties, but it has a slightly lower boiling point of 64. 7?. Methanol is mainly used as a solvent, antifreeze, raw materials, fuel, or as a denaturant for ethanol. Unlike ethanol, methanol is extremely toxic since one sip of methanol can cause permanent blindness. Two other kinds of acyclic acid are propan-2-ol and butan-1-ol. Just like ethanol, these two types of alcohols can be produced by the fermentation process. Propan-2-ol is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. It is the simplest kind of secondary alcohol which occurs when an alcohol carbons is attached to two other carbons. Butan-1-ol is a primary alcohol with a four carbon structure. Butan-1-ol is part of the group of â€Å"fusel alcohols† which has more than two carbon atoms and is soluble in water. It is used as an artificial flavoring that is present in many types of food and beverages such as butter, cream, ice cream, and candy. Pentan-1-ol is a 5 carbon atom. It is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant aroma. This alcohol can be prepared by the fractional distillation of fusel oil. Some uses for pentan-1-ol include being used as a solvent for coating CDs and DVDs, and it is also used as a replacement for gasoline. Each of these acyclic alcohols has a general formula as follows: ethanol is C2H5OH, methanol is CH3OH, propan-2-ol is C3H7OH, butan-1-ol is C4H9OH, and pentan-1-ol is C5H11OH. Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs only on the surface of a liquid. For molecules of a liquid to evaporate, they must be located near the surface, be moving in the proper direction, and have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome the liquid phase intermolecular forces. Since the kinetic energy of a molecule is proportional to its temperature, evaporation occurs more quickly at higher temperatures. As the faster moving molecules escape, the remaining molecules have a lower average kinetic energy, so the temperature of the liquid decreases. Also, evaporation tends to occur more quickly on liquids with higher vapor pressure. Alcohol evaporates faster than water because water has extensive hydrogen bonding between its molecules which results in its high boiling point whereas in alcohol, amount of hydrogen bonding is smaller as compared to water. This makes the boiling point of alcohol less than water. A major factor that tells the rate of evaporation is the intermolecular forces between the molecules. The stronger the forces’ keeping the molecules in a liquid state, the more energy needs to escape. Other factors that affect the rate of evaporation include the concentration in the air since air that has a high concentration of the substance will evaporate more slowly. Surface also plays an important part in the evaporation process because substances with a larger surface area will evaporate faster, as there are more surface molecules that are able to escape. Denser objects take longer to evaporate as well. The pressure of an object also effects evaporation since evaporation happens faster if there is less exertion on the surface keeping the molecules from launching themselves. The formula to determine the evaporation rate of a substance is as follows. Change in Temperature Change in Time Rate of Evaporation= In measuring the evaporation rate of a liquid, a temperature probe is most commonly used to calculate the decrease in temperature. If the evaporation rate occurs quickly, the temperature will also decrease quickly. Hypothesis For determine the rate of evaporation of a substance, the change in temperature is divided by the change in time. Among the five previously mentioned alcohols, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, and pentan-1-ol, the rate of evaporation for the methanol will be faster. Methanol will evaporate more quickly because its intermolecular forces are the smallest since it has the lowest relative molecular mass. This shows that the molecules in methanol can easily evaporate. The butan-1-ol will evaporate the slowest because it has the highest molecular mass of all the alcohols given, so it therefore has the greatest intermolecular force of attraction. If the molecules’ properties are the same, then the intermolecular forces of attraction are proportional to the relative molecular mass. So as the molar mass increases, the rate of evaporation decreases. Materials/Safety * Safety goggles * 4 beakers, each one with a number from 1-4 * Methanol, ethanol, butan-1-ol, propan-2-ol poured into separate beakers * Pentan-1-ol * Xplorer GLX Pasco PasPort PS-2002 * Temperature probe Procedure For this lab we were to find the rate of evaporation for the five types of alcohols mentioned from above. First we put on our safety goggles to protect our eyes from the aforementioned alcohols since they could cause irritation in our eyes. Next we set up our Xplorer GLX PasPort PS-2002 to graph. After that, we dipped the tip of our temperature probe into the first beaker of alcohol until the graph flat lined. Once that occurred, we removed the temperature probe from the alcohol and held it above the beaker until the graph on the Xplorer GLX Pasco PasPort PS-2002 started to decline, ndicating that the liquid was cooling off since it was evaporating. This process was repeated for the remaining alcohols. Finally, the temperature change of the alcohols was divided by the time it took for the temperature change, so we could calculate the rate of evaporation for the alcohols to figure out the identity of the alcohols. Data Table/Observations | Change in Temperature| Change in Ti me| Rate of Evaporation| Type of Alcohol| Liquid 1| 7. 1? | -18. 5| -. 384| Methanol| Liquid 2| 2. 9? | -51| -. 059| Propan-2-ol| Liquid 3| 1. 1? | -64| -. 712| Butan-1-ol| Liquid 4| 5. 9? | -65| -. 0908| Ethanol| Liquid 5 (mystery)| 2. 4? | -34. 5| -. 0696| Pentan-1-ol| Figure 1: This figure represents the data that was collected throughout the experiment. For each of the five liquids, we determined the change in temperature, the change in time, the rate of evaporation, and finally using all the data that we has gathered we determined the type of alcohol that the liquids were. When we received the different beakers with different types of alcohols, the alcohols all looked same since they are all colorless liquids. We found the change in temperature was the part of the graph from when the graph flat lined at the top to when the line went down and just starts to come up. This part of the graph is the temperature change because when the temperature line begins to decrease, it indicates that the liquid is evaporating. We knew that the liquid was evaporating since when evaporation occurs, the molecules change into a gaseous state therefore absorbing heat. When the molecules absorb the heat, it cools down the surrounding environments temperature. Evaporation was complete when we noticed the temperature start to increase again on the graph. The temperature increase indicated that the area from where the liquid had evaporated was starting to get back to the room’s temperature. We also found the time it took for the temperature to change so that we could figure out the evaporation rate for each of the liquids. Results/Analysis The results of the experiment are as follows. Liquid 1 had an evaporation rate of -. 384, liquid 2 had an evaporation rate of -. 059, liquid 3 had an vaporation rate of -. 0172, liquid 4 had an evaporation rate of -. 0908, and liquid 5 had an evaporation rate of -. 0696. Once we determined the evaporation rate, we used that to figure out the identity of each type of liquid. The higher the evaporation rate was, the lower the molecular mass was for each of the alcohols. There were instances throughout the experiment were possible errors could have occurred. One such instance is when we took the temper ature probes out of the liquids, so that the liquid would evaporate. If we took out more liquid on one of the liquids then it would have taken longer for that liquid to evaporate than the others. Also if we waved the temperature probe in the air, then the liquid might have evaporated faster than it was supposed to. Another factor that affects the evaporation rate is if fresh air is moving over the substance all the time, then the concentration of the substance in the air is less likely to go up with time, thus encouraging faster evaporation. Conclusions Our conclusions were right because as seen from our results, as the molar mass decreased the rate of evaporation for the substance increased. This is because more energy escapes if the forces that are keeping the molecules together in a liquid state are stronger. This also represents that the evaporation rate of a liquid is inversely proportional to the molecular masses of the substances. Even though this does not full represent the relationship between the evaporation rate and the number of carbon chains that are in the alcohols, it supports the fact that they are inversely proportional. How to cite Rate of Evaporation- Research Paper, Essays

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Christian Worldview Holy Spirit View

Question: Discuss about the Christian Worldview for Holy Spirit View. Answer: Inspiration of the Holy Spirit over a believer: The inspiration of the Holy Spirit works together with the task of the church; hence it is impossible to think them apart. Of course, I never enjoy and understand the definition of happiness while I visit the Disneyland, but surely the presence of the Holy Spirit felt on a gloomy day. I felt that whenever I lay my belief on the Holy Spirit, he always showed me the path and does the necessity to pull me up from the difficult situation. Sometimes I experience the fresh wind on a gloomy and downcast situation which gives enough prove of the presence of the Holy Spirit. The presence provides positive feelings which includes love, comfort, and even joy enabling the believers to spread the message that God is present and will look after us to pull us up from difficulties. The Holy Spirit doesnt provide a scope to grow any negative feelings like arrogance or burnout. So, I perfectly know that without the presence of the Holy Spirit, it is impossible to make a count of the deeds in Gods king dom. Holy Spirit determining the presence of the God: Sometimes I hear that the Christian people talks about things as done by Jesus and that now it is our turn to do the part like Jesus. I even hear that the beautiful aspect of the nature includes the signs of fire and air; bird's brooding over waters to bring on new life. The general duty inherited by mankind explains that must help preserve the beautiful signs to feel the presence of God within us. The presence of such beautiful things in the earth enables me to think that there is a presence of God within the presence of the Holy Spirit. Paul, the ancient Christian writer, explains that we are the inheritance guaranteed by God. We are the migrants or exodus from Jesus and that itself is the evidence about the existence of Holy Spirit within the presence of God.

Thursday, April 2, 2020

Desert Places And Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening Essays

Desert Places And Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening LIT 115 Poetry Assignment Desert Places @ end of essay for reference Robert Frost takes our imaginations to a journey through wintertime with his two poems Desert Places and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. Frost comes from a New England background and these two poems reflect the beautiful scenery that is present in that part of the country. Even though these poems both have winter settings they contain very different tones. One has a feeling of depressing loneliness and the other a feeling of welcome isolation. They show how the same setting can have totally different impacts on a person depending on their mindset at the time. These poems are both made up of simple stanzas and diction but they are not simple poems. In the poem Desert Places the speaker is a man who is traveling through the countryside on a beautiful winter evening. He is completely surrounded with feelings of loneliness. The speaker views a snow-covered field as a deserted place. A blanker whiteness of benighted snow / With no expression, nothing to express. Whiteness and blankness are two key ideas in this poem. The white symbolizes open and empty spaces. The snow is a white blanket that covers up everything living. The blankness symbolizes the emptiness that the speaker feels. To him there is nothing else around except for the unfeeling snow and his lonely thoughts. The speaker in this poem is jealous of the woods. The woods around it have it - it is theirs. The woods symbolize people and society. They have something that belongs to them, something to feel a part of. The woods have its place in nature and it is also a part of a bigger picture. The speaker is so alone inside that he feels that he is not a part of anything. Nature has a way of bringing all of her parts together to act as one. Even the animals are a part of this winter setting scene. All animals are smothered in their lairs,/ I am too absent-spirited to count. The snow throws its blanket of whiteness over everything and to him it is a feeling of numbness. The loneliness includes me unawares. The speaker has lost his enthusiasm for life. He can not express his feelings easily because of this feeling of numbness. The speaker is also in denial about feeling alone. He is at a stage where he just does not care about too much and he is feeling a bit paranoid. They cannot scare me with their empty space. He is saying who cares how I feel, I do not need anyone else. I have in me so much nearer home/ To scare myself with my own desert places. The speaker was starting to realize that he had shut himself off to the world. He recognized that this winter place was like his life. He had let depression and loneliness creep into his life and totally take over like the snow had crept up on the plain and silently covered it. If he continues to let these feelings run his life, eventually everything would be snuffed out much like the snow does to nature. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening is a much happier and more upbeat poem than Desert Places. This poem is about stopping to enjoy life or as the cliche goes, stopping to smell the roses. But I have promises to keep, / and miles to go before I sleep. The speaker in this poem was a very busy man who always had obligations to fulfill and places to go. A feeling of regret is present. The man would like to stay and enjoy this private nature scene longer but he knows that he has other things to do. Again, Frost gives us a beautiful nature scene but this time we enjoy welcome solitude. The woods are lovely, dark and deep. This poem expresses the joy of nature. The speaker seems concerned about what the rest of society would think about him just stopping in the middle of nowhere for no apparent reason. His horse represents society. My little horse must think it queer /

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Gang Mentality in America †A Breif Overview

Gang Mentality in America – A Breif Overview Free Online Research Papers The Criminal Mind, I feel my final paper should reflect the subject of gangs, and gang violence in American society, as well as the irrefutable damage this problem causes for everyone. Because it is an important aspect to the concept of this course, I will cover the reality of gangs as I see it in relation to criminal thinking. Although the subject of gang violence is globally apparent, and is seen in many variations regarding custom and culture and because it goes beyond the scope of this essay to cover every aspect of the gang mentality, its background, and its future, I shall narrow my focus on the American example of street gangs, specifically, its relevance to the many mannerisms and identifying factors of the criminal mind. The subject of gangs and the gang mentality has been an unfortunate reality in the United States since its initial beginning in the mid 1500s. From the â€Å"Allegiance,† a rural criminal gang during Revolutionary era New England, who raided cabins and villages, thieving, raping and murdering its victims, to the organized gang enforcer and professional luters known as the â€Å"Bummers† during the American Civil War era, the gang presence has been with us from the start, and has most likely coexisted within the human condition all along. This reality, although harsh, has proven to remain relativily the same regardless of technology and educational advances of modern day. To this end, the exemplification of these modern gangs and organized criminal societies will be shown in both the researched aspects, consisting of up-to-date law enforcement statistics and visual representations, such as the identifying factors of modern U.S. gangs, like tattoos, grafetti and insignias. And, because this subject is so vast, only the most relative and active gangs will be used for exemplification for this paper. Gangs in America: A Brief Review. The problem of gangs is prevalent in todays society. There are many reasons why so many youths join gangs. Gangs are more available to young people today than ever before. When students lack academic achievement, they often also lack social success and involvement in school activity. Less than desirable home and family circumstances compound the youths problems. They become more vulnerable to the fascination of gangs. Law enforcement agencies have to deal with the problems of gangs, and they must act to curtail that problem. According to Loundsbury (1996), there are six reasons why youths join gangs: (1) Young people need an identity, (2) Young people need to bond, (3) youths join gangs is to be perceived as competent in some area, or any area, (4) Youths feel safe and secure in gangs, (5) Young people join gangs to become members of something new, exciting and different, and (6) Young people join gangs for acceptance. (p. 211) In other words, young people join gangs due to anomie, they have a lack of purpose; a lack of identity. With todays society being what it is there is a sense of rootlessness in young people. This anomie causes them to turn to gangs for needs that are not being met in familial and pedagogical environments. They lack ethical values due to societys broken home status, and many parents are not able to parent their children because of second jobs, or simply not having parenting skills. There are many theories associated with the gang activity and deviance in general, such as the strain theory, differential association, and social control†¦The number of gangs in America is astounding. According to Danitz (1998) there are 75 documented gangs that are operating in Washington, DC alone. Lt. Lawrence W. Thomas, who is the commander of the department that monitors gang activity in Washington, feels that this is not bad when compared to other major cities. In a 1996 report it was found that there are an estimated 250 crews, mobs, and posses active at 10 different high schools, eight junior-high schools, two middle schools and two adult education centers. This in is complete contradiction with the argument that there is no gang problem. Denial does not make the problem dissipate. When cities deny that there is a gang problem they deny themselves of federal financial assistance in the fighting or prevention of gang related problems. (p.14). Police departments and others are fighting to teach children to reject the call of the streets, and to be a part of other, more positive day programs in their communities. In one area a program called GREAT was formed. This is an acronym for Gang Resistance Education and Training program, which teaches children the things they need to know about how to survive on the street. Drug information is covered, and so is the effects of alcohol use. The children learn lessons on how to treat people. Police administer the GREAT program. It is a government nonprofit program whose purpose is to prevent the ruination of childrens lives form gang involvement, crime and violence. According to Brogan (1995), George Akerlof and Janet L. Yellon posit that community values can be an asset in the control of gang activity. Community cooperation with the police is dependent upon the neighborhoods prevalent value choices. (p. 24) The best solution to the problem of gangs is to stop them from forming. This can be done in several ways. One organization alone can not end the problem of gangs. However, when society works together as a whole, the efforts of law enforcement to curtail the problem of gangs can be maximized to their fullest potential. Lounsbury (1996) believes that a students lack of academic achievement is often accompanied by a lack of social success and involvement in school activities. Further, when home and family circumstances are less than desirable, some students problems are compounded, and they become vulnerable to the lure of gangs. (p. 211) Law Enforcement efforts to curtail the problem of gangs should include community policing programs. When a police officer is seen regularly in the community, he/she becomes a role model instead of a bad guy. When the community and the police work together in cooperative programs each benefits from those programs. If a child sees that police are their friends and that someone really does care about them, they are less inclined to join gangs. If a child is prevented form joining a gang, the problem is on its way to being solved. Law Enforcement agencies first need to admit that there is a gang problem. Many refuse to do so. Once they admit that there is a problem, they are well on their way to fixing the problem. Many law enforcement agencies deny the existence of gangs. In that way they do not have to legitimize gangs. Law enforcement agencies, communities and schools must work together in order to stop the problem of gangs. No one person or agency is able to do this alone. They must all work together for the common goal of fighting gangs. In this way, the problem can and will be solved. One manner in which the problem of gangs was solved is the GREAT program. It works with kids in the fifth, sixth and seventh grades, where officers go into the classrooms for one class period per week and talk to the children about what happens to kids in gangs, how to set goals and resist peer pressure, as well as how to resolve conflicts and problems without resorting to violence. The students really enjoy the program because of the perks, which include day trips and summer camp, all paid for by the police department. Danitz (1998) posits that the law enforcement community alone can not solve the problem of gangs. Further assistance is necessary for this problem to be solved. Children need role models. The police can not be everywhere at all times. The schools, communities and families must also play a viable part in the solution to the problem of gangs. (p. 246) Children need an alternative to gangs. If something else meets the social needs of the child he/she will not resort to gangs. In the theory of differential association, young people that are involved in gangs are likely to antagonize their peers into becoming a member of a gang. Agnew Brezina (1997), feel that the measures of social control, as well as differential association are important gauges into delinquent behavior. Because of this, it is possible for a person with a low level of social control to adopt deviant behavior, such as gang activity. Moreover, these authors seem to posit that social control may be reduced by peer association and deviant beliefs, or in other words, strain measures have a reciprocal relation to both social control and differential association. Although both authors suggest that if a child can be drawn away from gangs, then half the battle is won, with the prevalence of gangs, however, it is nonetheless, difficult to keep a child from being confronted by the gang mentality, when that is all he or she sees, and that sight looks so much better than what he or she has or has not. Because of this, society has a difficult task of keeping the gang away from the child and the child away from the gang, but it can be done. In some contexts, consideration of gangs has moved from a curious cultural phenomenon to a pernicious economic force embedded in the economic and political systems of the society, sometimes competing for authority with school and church†¦Gangs are geographically and culturally diverse, and almost uniformly they are connected with delinquency, yet some argue that delinquency is a correlate of the term, gang, and not a defining characteristic. Furthermore, gang members have been involved in a sufficient number of delinquent incidents to call forth a consistent negative response from neighborhood residents and/or law enforcement agencies. With the increased prevalence and sophistication of the arming of youth, public perceptions of threat from gangs seem to be at an all time high. A recent Gallup Poll (Associated Press, 1994) showed that adults viewed fighting, violence, and gangs as the biggest problem confronting public schools. Young people live in two social worlds. One is in the cultural surrounding of peers in school and at leisure. The other is the familial world of the family and home. When with their peers, young people are in a domain with its own rules of dress, behavior, music, and speech. There is an emphasis on popularity and physical attractiveness, and for some, athletic success. The family environment has been known to clash with the peer culture, and school. The transition between the two cultures is frequent since it occurs at least twice per day in normal situations. According to Warr (1993), Criminologists have long recognized the importance of family and peers in the etiology of delinquency, but these two influences are commonly analyzed in isolation. However, if peers are treated as potential instigators of delinquency (following differential association theory) and parents as potential barriers to delinquency (following control theory), a crucial question emerges: Is parental influence capable of counteracting the influence of delinquent peers? Analysis of data from the National Youth Survey reveals that the amount of time spent with family is indeed capable of reducing and even eliminating peer influence. By contrast, attachment to parents (the affective relation between parents and offspring) apparently has no such effect†¦Instead,it appears to affect delinquency indirectly by inhibiting the initial formation of delinquent friendships. (p. 247) Joining a gang is considered to be a delinquent behavior, therefore, this is applicable to the problem of gangs. Young people join gangs because of differential association. Other gang members make gangs activity seem cool. Since the child is influenced by the cultures both inside and outside of the home, it would be in society’s best interest to purport the familial unit to the child. This assists the law enforcement agencies in curtailing the problem of gangs. If a child gets what he needs from home and school he or she will not need the gang relationship. Parents are not playing the positive role models that they should. Without positive role models the child is going to formulate delinquent peers through differential association, even though parents do not activity condone gang activity. Even those that have been involved in criminal activity know the seriousness of becoming a gang member. It is not something the parent wants for his or her child, but by not being there when a child needs him or her, the parent is giving the child over to gang membership and the many problems associated with gang activity. Where is the parent when the gang offers the child an identity? The child needs an identity. They want to be recognized and regarded as part of something unique. Gangs give them an identity that will distinguish them. Gang members have their own colors. They oftentimes have tattoos. They have their own turf. Where is the parent when the child needs to bond? Young people need to bond. They join gangs to become included in something they perceive as meaningful, something that gives them a sense of family where they oftentimes had none, or they were estranged from them. Many gang members only have their gangs. They do not have families. The gang is their family. They need to bond with other human beings since they are not able to bond with their families. Where is the parent when the child needs to be perceived as competent at something? Young people join gangs is to be perceived as competent. This is true even though they are successful in an area that is not valued by society. Just being in a gang gives them an aura of success. This perception is skewed. To them being a gang member is being somebody. They are no longer just a nobody. They are members of a gang. Where is the parent when a young person needs to feel safe? Young people feel safe and secure in gangs. They have a familial unit in gangs. They know that the other gang members will protect them. They swear an oath to their gang to never leave. Only death takes a person out of a gang. They become one with the gang, instead of with the family unit. Identification: A Terminology Manual and Pictorial Guide. Under each gang heading, detailed information can be found describing graphic renditions and explanatory information regarding the gang. The designs might be rendered in the form of graffiti, tattoos or other symbols. Street gangs are not a new phenomenon they have existed in every country in one form or another throughout recorded history. There is a long history of street gangs in most metropolitan areas of the US, the first of which can be traced back as far as the 1920’s. In the initial stages, family members and close friends bonded together for self defense, then groups provided protection from rival gangs, and eventually, gangs came to rely on criminal activities as a source of income Today, street gangs can be a major challenge to criminal justice official, as in recent years, their activities have grown to include drug traffic, extortion, drive-by shootings and numerous acts of random violence. Gang members generally are young and impulsive, striking out at different elements of society in wanton fashion. They often lack the group discipline necessary to prevent members from acting individually or in Ga smaller groups. They intimidate neighborhoods, making citizens extremely reluctant to assist law enforcement officials pursuing criminal investigation. As members of street gangs are confined in prison, they carry their affiliations with them and pose significant control problems. As the number of these individuals in prison grows, they potentially pose a far greater problem to correctional staff than many existing prison gangs. Street gang members share a general outlook on life which includes loyalty to other members and portraying a callous and ruthless image one that can be enhanced by drive-by shooting, robberies or other crimes. The more violent and dangerous a particular gang member is perceived to be, the more respect he is accorded by both fellow and rival gang members. Some members develop a sociopathic mentality that differs radically from other types of juvenile offenders. Most criminally active youth are between the ages of 14 and 25, and most gang members are usually between the age of 9 and 25. However, some members may be in their 30’s or older. There is no traditional chain of command for many of these groups, although older members generally have the most influence. If a chronological approach based on age is used, the usual structural breakdown of street gangs is as follows: Original Gangsters: Other wise known as â€Å"OG’s†, these members are in the upper echelon of gang command. They tend to remain apart from the day-to-day gang activities, with many actually running legitimate businesses as fronts for their gang involvement. Gangsters: The gangster or â€Å"G’s† are the backbone of the street gang. They are usually younger than the original gangster’s, (14-17 years old,) and generally represent rank and file street gang membership. Pee Wees: Also called â€Å"Baby Gangsters†, they are usually (9-13 years old,) and are used by senior gang members for menial task like serving as runners, sentries or writing graffiti. Tiny Gangster: also called â€Å"TG’s† are the youngest member of gangs, usually between the age of six and nine. They primarily carryout very menial tasks for older gang members. Gang Communications: US street gangs place a major emphasis on communications. Many have developed intricate communications methods apparel worn in a specific manner, individual nicknames, selected and easily discernible â€Å"colors†, graphic symbols, and graffiti which have little or no special meaning to the untrained individual who is not a gang member. Gang members often communicate with each other by means of â€Å"placas† a form of nonverbal communication. Hand signs (flashing) and graffiti show gang affiliation, but also communicate ideas, e.g., an impending shooting. Gangs have several different ways of displaying their colors. They wear clothing that is the primary or secondary color of their gang and also may carry colored handkerchiefs to signify gang affiliation. The handkerchief may be carried inside the waist band as a flag. Street gangs are territorial and identify their territory by spray painting graffiti on walls, usually in the predominant color of the gang. The symbols portrayed in the graffiti not only signify turf, but chronicle the current state of gang affairs, rivalries, drug supplies, and other significant information. In essence, gangs believe it is extremely important to protect their symbols from insults by rivals; degradation of a gang symbol is an extreme insult. A gang emblem upside down has been degraded, and numerous gang wars and gang related murders have started with an insult of that type. As street gangs become better financed and more numerous, battles for territorial control become more violent. A potentially deadly tactic for attacking rival gang members is the drive-by shooting gang members using pistols, shotguns, assault rifles, or fully automatic weapons fire on targets from moving vehicles. Of the many homicides resulting from drive-by shootings, many have involved innocent bystanders. Gang Organization: Typically, street gangs lack the sophisticated organizational structure, discipline, and lack the sophisticated organizational structure, discipline, and narrowly-focused mission of established adult gangs, such as the Aryan Brotherhood, Texas Syndicate, and others, or of other major disruptive groups such as La Cosa Nostra and South American drug cartels. However, gangs in a few cities are quite sophisticated, and have aligned themselves under umbrella structures called â€Å"Nations† or â€Å"Sets†. How gang activity affects the community: 1. Increases in crime. 2. Increases in cost for police services. 3. Increases in cost for security services for businesses, and schools. 4. Increases burden on social services for businesses and schools. 5. Increased burden on social service systems and emergency and hospital systems. 6. Influences business recruitment, and overall city economic development impacts overall image of city, causes trauma, grief, confusion and depression over the injury and death of a loved one because of gang violence. 7. Increases the likelihood of you becoming a victim of crime, damages personal property through acts of vandalism. 8. Increases fear for your personal safety or the safety of your neighborhood. 9. May cause you to become a victim of harassment and intimidation or other more violent acts of crime such as a drive by shooting. 10. DEATH. Who will gang activity affect: 1. Schools. 2. Movie theatres and arcades. 3. Parks and recreation centers. 4. Sporting events. 5. Shopping centers. 6. Apartments and multiple dwelling complexes. 7. Grocery and convenience stores. 8. Public transportation. 9. Hospital emergency departments. Types of criminal gang activities: 1. Intimidation, harassment, vandalism and criminal trespassing. 2. Shoplifting, burglaries, auto thefts and thefts. 3. Arson, sexual assaults/batteries and firearms/ weapons violations. 4. Robberies, kidnapping, murder, murder for hire, violence against law enforcement and drugs, both sale and possession. Gang Identifiers: The following list represents common identifiers that will help identifying street gang members. Please remember that because you find one of these identifiers on an individual. It does not mean the person is a gang member. To be sure, check further for other common characteristics. As you will see below, Folk Nation members dress to the right, while People Nation dresses to the left. 1. Pant Legs: A. Rolled up on the right side†¦Folk Nation. B. Rolled up on the left side†¦People Nation. 2. Fingernails: A. Gang members sometimes color, nails with their colors. B. The fingernails hat are painted are on the hand their gang represents. 3. Beads: A. A fad taken over by gangs. The beads are worn as part of their clothing, hair dresses, necklaces, or on their Shoes. 4. Hats: A. Tilted to the right†¦Folk Nation. B. Tilted to the left†¦People Nation. 5. Eyebrows, earrings, bandanas: A. Eyebrow hair will have 3 or more cuts in it on the side their gang represents. B. Earrings are worn on the side their gang represents. C. Bandanas are generally worn in the colors of their gang and on the side of the body that represents their gang these bandanas can be tied on the leg, wrist, or hung from the back pockets. Colors and Representations: The following is a brief representation of names and colors of the major gangs throughout the United States. Although there are minor differentials from State-to-State, these colors and symbols are commonplace and identifiable nationwide. Each gang can belong to another gang entity without losing faith for its original gang foundation, and although rare, such mixtures can be seen. 1. Folk Nation. Color: Blue G.S. / Gangster Disciples I.G. / Imperial Gangster Disciples (Miami Clik) I.G.D. / Insane Gangster Disciples B.G.D./Black Gangster Disciples M.G.D. / Maniac Gangster Disciples I.N.P. International posse (Miami clik) Y.L.O. / Young Latin Organization (Miami clik) 2. Crips (Crips and Folks together) Color: Blue Eight -Tray Gangster Rollin 60s Crazy Cs C-II Thug life Cs 3. Bloods. Color: Red L.K / Latin Kings V.L. / Vatos Locos A.M.L.K.Q.D.N. / Almighty Latin Kings and Queen Disciple Nation. 4. Bloods and Kings together. Color: Red U.B. / United Bloods S.B. / Southern Bloods B.B / Bishop Bloods C.B / Chapter 2 Bloods (Branch of the kings set) Piru / Crips who became Bloods (Piru is crip spelled backwards, with the c turned sideways). 5. OTHER CLIKS NOT INVOLVED WITH CRIPS OR BLOODS FROM MIAMI: L.B.B. / Latin Bad Boys Color: (Varies). L.B.H. / Little Havana Boys B.T.B. / Back To Back South Beach Posse D.O.M. Dominators Of Miami Y.L.O. / Young Latin Organization M.M.W. / Miamis Most Wanted P.I.C. / Partners In Crime 27ave Boys O.T.G / Over Town Gangsters H.C. / Hialeah Chicos I.G. / Imperial Gangsters C.H.S. / Chico Hit Squad King park Boys Merrick Park Posse Gland Park Boys Although this constitutes a relatively brief example of the gang structure in America, it should point out the detail of the gang mentality and its resourcefulness towards identification and sense of â€Å"family,† otherwise unknown to the gang member. Folk Symbols: Figure Series A. The following are symbols, and their meaning, used by the FOLKS street gangs, and affiliates to identify themselves. A. Six pointed star 6 principles of King David. B. Pitchfork the Nations power in the struggle to overcome oppression. C. Sword life and death within the nation and the struggle to survive at all costs. D. Devils Horns the nation’s determination to overcome all obstacles. E. Devils Tail the oppression that all non- white people suffer. F. Heart the love of a nation. G. Numbers 7 and 8 the year of the founding of the sons and daughters. Figure Series A. People Symbols: Figure Series B. The following are symbols, and their meanings, used by the PEOPLES street gangs and affiliates to identify themselves. A. Circle 360 degrees of the knowledge that black people once ruled the world and will again. B. Fire represents the Black Nations true knowledge of being suppressed, and their inability to reach knowledge because of the heat created by the fire. C. Darkness or the color black- represents the Black majority, not minority, of the world. D. Cresant Moons represents the splitting of the Black Nations into two parts, one of the West and one of the East. E. Star represents the eye of Allah, watching over his people. F. Pyramid- represents the mystery of the construction of the pyramid, which was constructed by Black people. The three corners of the triangle represent physical, mental, and spiritual knowledge. G. Sun represents the rising of truth in the Black Nation. Used only by Vice Lords. H. Hat- represents shelter. I. Cane- represents the staff of strength. J. Gloves represents purity. K. Latin Kings tattoos/ symbols. L. Five Pointed Crown is a symbol of the Latin Kings. Note the upside down pitchforks, which is a sign of disrespect to the folk nation. Figure Series B. MEXIKANEMI (Texas Mexican Mafia) Not to be confused with the Mexican Mafia (EME) Figure Series C. The Mexikanemi is the largest prison gang found in the Texas DOC. Mexikanemi translated means, Free Mexicans, are a relatively new organization, having formed in 1984. Better known as the Texas Mexican Mafia, it originally started out as a group of Texas DOC inmates trying to become more aware of their cultural heritage. As it grew, it rapidly changed from just being aware to becoming involved in extortion, narcotics trafficking and murder, both inside and outside the prison walls. Figure Series C. LA NUESTRA FAMILIA (NF) Figure Series D. The name translates to Our Family, originally formed in Soledad Prison, California in 1965, the membership is mostly rural, Northern California Hispanics. This very formal organizational structure is governed by a Board of Directors-type group, with a Kill on sight relationship with the Mexican Mafia (EME). This gang is heavily aligned with its Northern counterpart; the Nortenos gang, and is rapidly recruiting and growing in California, New Mexico and Arizona. The Mexican Mafia (EME), not to be confused with Mexikanemi (Texas Mexican Mafia) is a far larger, more influential and feared prison gang and membership is evident within both federal and state prison systems. Organized in the1950s in the California DOC at the Deuel Vocational Center, it’s made up mostly of urban Hispanic inmates from Southern California. This loosely structured military-like chain of command organization, is generally considered a â€Å"blood in-blood-out gang† and is usually at war with the Mexikanemi and the Luestra Familia, AKA: Nortenos or Northern structure. Allied with the Aryan Brotherhood for drug introduction purposes, exchange of hit contracts and financial matters. To this end, the film American Me, reported to be fairly factual, is about the founding of this prison gang. Figure Series D. SKIN HEAD GANGS: Figure Series E. Skinhead groups have been formed, with varying levels of organizational cohesion, in every religion of the country. (See the map on the next page showing where skinheads have been operating). Skinheads in different parts of the country are slowly forming a loose national network, owing their geographical mobility and efforts of more established leaders (particularly Tom Metzger) to publicize their activities. Skinhead leaders from Chicago, Cincinnati, Detroit and Dallas have helped facilitate the organizing of groups in other cities, such as Milwaukee, Memphis, Springfield, Missouri and Toronto. At the same time, skinhead groups in some locations like Cincinnati and Pittsburgh have dropped from view in less than a year. In the case of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County, the arrest of Reich Skin Leader Michael Martin and his subsequent conviction helped result in the dissolution of the group. It appears that effective responses by law enforcement authorities to skinhead violence helps reduce their profile and level of authority, and activity. Figure Series E. CONCLUSION Young people also join gangs to become members of something new, exciting and different. They perceive this change as good. They are willing to go along with whatever the gang does because they want new, exciting experiences. They experience guns and gang wars. They enjoy the thrill of the gang culture. There is no thrill in school or at home. Where is the parent when the young person needs to feel acceptance? Young people join gangs for acceptance. They desire to become a part of something accepting, which offers them a reason for being. Gangs accept anyone who is willing to swear to the oath of the gang. They try to seduce new members with their strength as a family. The child will forsake his/her real family for the gang. Gang membership is simply a way for some young people to meet the human needs for connection and self-esteem. They are not getting their needs met at home or school; so they turn to gangs to get those needs met. Schools do not provide experiences in which students can achieve success on their own. They do not meet the young persons need for self-esteem. Parents are too busy working or they are too tired to meet the needs of their offspring, or in many cases, there are no parents. Schools departmentalize students. They do not actively involve students in the teaching-learning process. Young people today are very diverse. They need their needs met. Gangs meet their needs. Young people today are faced with more situations today, now than ever before. They have to make split second decisions that will affect them for the rest of their lives. They chose gangs, because gangs are a comfort zone for them. They get caught up in the dynamics of gang existence. Those that have families forsake them for gangs, because gangs offer them something that the family does not. For law enforcement to curtail the problem of gangs, they must first get at the problem of families. Various outreach programs can do this. A childs life is at risk in this situation. Law enforcement agencies can not work alone, however. Without the assistance of the community, they have a difficult time of making a dent in the problem of gangs. Not all of a childs needs will ever be completely met by home and school, but those needs are an important consideration. A child is the future generation. If he/she is allowed to succumb to the gang life, he/she will not live to become one of tomorrows leaders. Law enforcement agencies should form task forces to curtail gang development. If children do not see gangs in a positive light they will be more inclined to say no to gang membership. It is of vital importance that programs such as GREAT be initiated in schools. Gangs need to be de-glamorized by the law enforcement agencies. They should have former gang members speak to young people about the serious consequences of gang involvement. They should use whatever scare tactics necessary to dissuade gang membership. They should show the results of gang membership, which is often death due to the violent nature of gang membership, and death is not a pretty picture. Children need a nurturing environment, but they also need an understanding of what gang membership means. Gangs are not a way out of a bad situation; they are, however, a way into an even worse situation. The police can not stop this phenomenon by themselves but they can be leaders in promoting the curtailing of the problem of gangs. References Agnew, Robert; Brezina, Timothy (1997, September), Relational problems with peers, gender, and delinquency, Youth Society, v29 n1 pp. 84(28). Brogan, Thomas C. (1995, June 1), Book reviews, Perspectives on Political Science, Vol. 24, pp. 186. Danitz, Tiffany (1998, July 6), Keeping kids out of gangs, (Nation: Fighting Crime), Insight on the News, v14 n25 pp. 14(2). Dukes, Richard L.; Valentine, Jennifer (1998, July), Gang membership and bias against young people who break the law, The Social Science Journal, v35 n3 pp. 347(14). Lounsbury, John H. (1996, March 13), Please, not another program. (special education programs for problem youth), (Special Section: Young Adolescents At Risk)., The Clearing House, Vol. 69, pp. 211(3). Warr, Mark (1993, September), Parents, peers, and delinquency, Social Forces, v72 n1 pp. 247(18). Research Papers on Gang Mentality in America - A Breif OverviewThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Thursday, February 20, 2020

GM Financial Analysis and Planning of the Collapse Essay

GM Financial Analysis and Planning of the Collapse - Essay Example The debt kept rising and the conditions worsened for GM in 2008. (Henderson, 2008) The earnings per share in 2005 were $ (5.93) which lead to the fall in the value of the shares. (General Motors Financial report, 2005). In 2007, the earnings per share further decreased to $ (76.16). However, in 2008, there was a slight improvement. The earnings per share were $ (53.47). (General Motors Annual Report 2010) In 2007, GM made the biggest loss in automobile industry. It made a loss of $ 38.7 billion. GM had to sell Allison Transmission for 5.6 billion dollars to Onex Corporation and Carlyle Group. Then, the gas prices increased in 2008 and GM had to close its sports utility vehicle and pick up factories. 8350 people became unemployed. By the end of 2008, it had to ask the government for protection. It had to ask Congress for $18 billion to pay its debts and to remain afloat. The Congress gave him $13.4 billion. However, the loss made was huge. It made an annual loss of $30.9 billion and i ts debt was accumulating. In 2009, it declared that it needs $ 30 billion to survive. On the other hand, its unit in Sweden filed for bankruptcy. This was another blow to General Motors. It presented a survival plan and a restructuring plan to US Government in which it mentioned that they close all their units except Saturn by 2011. However, the possibility was it will lose of its brands and the retailers or other potential companies might buy them. The Government was not satisfied with the restructuring plan and gave them another chance to make an aggressive plan and do aggressive cuts. Then, it used another scheme it asked 90% of its bondholders to accept a share of equity in return for debt. This will enable the company to reduce its debt by $24 billion. It decided to issue 62 billion new shares and end Pontiac. Also, it decided to end its contract with 1100 dealers. But the debt exchange offer as named by General Motors failed. Bankruptcy seemed evident. Government gave more loa ns to GM and it rose to $19.4 billion. GM came up with a new idea. It decided to give 10% of the company to bondholders and another 15% stake to reduce the debt by $27 billion. Also, it decided to build cars in US instead of China. These decisions led to the fall in share price. The share price went below $1. 54% of its bondholders agreed to the new scheme given my General Motors. Thus, it enabled GM to ask for bankruptcy protection from the court. The bankruptcy protection was granted to GM. (GM-History of an Automaker, 2009) The state protection was one of the milestones in General Motors history. It not only enabled it to recover from losses but it set a new beginning for General Motors. July 2009, was the period in which it started recovering from bankruptcy. At this time, it started off with only four brands. Most of the GM was now owned by the state. GM then sold its shares of Opel to a Russian company and started its restructuring. GM then announces a $3.5 billion deal for Am eriCredit. This was the step taken by GM to get support for the floatation of stock and later it started preparations for IPO. From the IPO, it was able to raise almost $20 billion. It was a comeback and a great achievement for GM. The share price also increased from $26 to $33.(General Motore-Timeline of trills and spills, 2011) In 2011, GM achieved a profit and recovered well from the bankruptcy. It gained a profit of $7.6 billion which was 62% higher than the

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Obama Health Care Bill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obama Health Care Bill - Essay Example This paper seeks to prove the constitutionality of the bill, which is that it contravenes the Unite States constitution. In his ruling dated December 13th 2010, Judge Henry E. Hudson of Virginia ruled that this particular bill was unconstitutional. He went on to cite the requirement that seeks to make all Americans get insurance as having exceeded the authority to regulate commerce granted to congress by the commerce clause. In his words, it â€Å"would invite unbridled exercise of federal police powers† (Johnson et al 415). This bill is especially confusing since there is no regulation requiring everybody to possess a car, only that they procure insurance as a condition for owning one. The law requires that one obtains health insurance just because this insurance exists (Johnson et al 415). While the law is without doubt well meaning and popular, with insurers putting forward the argument that healthy people taking out these policies would aid those with expensive conditions, some of the other provisions could be severed legally. As Judge Hudson stated in his ruling, â€Å"Neither the Supreme Court nor any federal circuit of appeals have extended commerce powers, which compel an individual to involuntarily enter the stream of commerce by purchasing a commodity in the private market† (Johnson et al 414). The bill tramples on an individual’s right of choice, that is, whether to participate in the scheme or not. While noting its noble intentions, it is also worth noting that the claim on its un-constitutionality has nothing to do with health care but rather on liberty and a right to choose (Johnson et al 416). Article 1 section 8 clause three of the United States constitution states that â€Å"the congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes, duties and excises †¦for the common defense and general welfare of the

Monday, January 27, 2020

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Accounting Systems Information Technology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Accounting Systems Information Technology Essay When a diminutive company desires to apply accounting software then they have to stick to the conventional method of accounting as the price of any certified accounting software is quite high and relatively unfamiliar to many. This concept has received a big blow as these small businesses now have a choice. Accounting software can be procured and mounted on your computer. However, with the presence of ever developing internet a consumer can locate the identical packaged application on the web and doesnt have to download or purchase anything. I dont matter if your company is local, or national, or international any business can at present employ internet based accounting software. It doesnt depend on the size of the business you uphold, there are certain aspects of considerable importance when it comes working online especially with companys accounts. Security is a major concern and one of the primary steps a large amount of network based merchandises think for users. Web based financial account software handle its personal database hub and all the records are accumulated on huge network servers. Supplementary queries can be raised to internet based companies on the support of their infrastructure. Take a note of the number of web data servers are preserved for backups, involuntarily or manually, backup strength must be taken as the primary factor after security. Everything will appear simple when consumers dont have to consider or worry about backups any longer. Think of the amount of times every year somebody has to volunteer and preserve your server, format it and your system or else you have to worry about it. How overwhelming that charge sounds as the acc ounting application and database for the company is stored on a Personal computer or the businesss server. With everything available on the web, you can easily overlook any troubleshooting mishap. IT is addressing certain issues as they come up for the accounting software used on the Web. As a matter of fact, a number of web based sellers have forged a plan which will give sufficient time on the maintenance of the entire system and that to on weekly basis. Usually, reviving or modification is done twice or thrice a year where users are informed before hand. Usability is marginally equivalent to 100% both day and night, daily, from any internet accessible tool restricted by a user security system and log on necessities. You will have a lot of capital saving chances while choosing a web based system to have your data. Advisors are no more required to keep the financial accounts and every inescapable timely security update that happen in every application. An unforeseen power reserves arises when small and large businesses toggle to web based application. Reportedly, it was observed that a company saved around millions of dollars from power savings. Additional savings piles up with the exclusion of investment on resources to get the entire system equipped to go. Typically it takes around six months for a large business to mount, switch information, examine and other tedious problems which leads to the build up. This entire process of setting up the infrastructure is quite quick for small companies when they switch to the web based application. The start up time includes the conversation which happens to make the decision. The businesses save in arrangement and setting up of resources of the more dominant accounting structure. There are constantly straight finances requirements when a small sized business raises or modifies their accounting method. Though, web based deliberation is merely used monthly and only for purposeful use of the company. This denotes that web based software can develop with the corporation. It makes the entire infrastructure flexible and switching becomes a small head ache. 2. How to select accounting software? It is extremely necessary to be certain that you acquire an approved or accepted small business accounting application. Do not rely on the most popular or used accounting software as it might not suit your needs, therefore, it is imperative to do some research and make certain inquiries. Security is a major concern and one of the primary steps a large amount of network based merchandises think for users. Web based financial account software handle its personal database hub and all the records are accumulated on huge network servers. Supplementary queries can be raised to internet based companies on the support of their infrastructure. There are several essential aspects to reflect on, which can help in getting the assurance that you have the precise selection to suit your company requirements. Primarily, when it comes to selecting the exact company accounting software,  meet a specialized and knowledgeable accountant whom you can rely upon. Many a times, the accountant is conscious of fiscal managing software that is vital for your company. Secondly,  the volume of your commerce when it is down to yearly sales is an important thing to think  in selecting the correct  company accounting software. The intensity of support while purchasing software will count and make a note that you will need this continuing support after accomplishment. These are actually essential in selecting the exact business accounting application. You may misguidedly purchase software that will require patches and improvements exactly following your acquisition of the business accounting software. This kind of software will not be able to cope with your budding business developments. There is also an option of either acquiring permanent and reactive software or web based accounting systems that can be accustomed and arranged to particular or varying requirements. Take a note of the number of web data servers are preserved for backups, involuntarily or manually, backup strength must be taken as the primary factor after security. Everything will appear simple when consumers dont have to consider or worry about backups any longer. Think of the amount of times every year somebody has to volunteer and preserve your server, format it and your system or else you have to worry about it. How overwhelming that charge sounds as the accounting application and database for the company is stored on a Personal computer or the businesss server. Irrespective of the strength of your company, you must choose a system that can revolve itself on timely basis along with the company. When your business expands your accounts also grows in the same magnitude, it is directly proportional to each other. In fact, you must select a robust system that can offer you such space. And I do not favor repeated switching of accounting software. Finally, in the selection of the precise commerce accounting software you should ensure that  it is uncomplicated and dependable. Straightforwardness and consistency is in fact all you require for any web based accounting or business software as web based systems can effortlessly bend to the exact purposes and alterations in your corporation. These straightforward points and techniques will assist you discover the exact and suitable business accounting software or web based commerce system for your trade. In summing up, the online software saves time and straight operating expense for a business, small, medium, and large. The requirement for experts is almost eradicated; improvements and mechanical difficulties with the system are managed by the web based business technical support. Bookkeeping utilities are with no trouble introduced to your pact based online system as the means of trailing accounts augments with the ever expanding business. 3. Think wisely and choose! It is very important to know what kind of accounting system you want. This plays a great role as you have to have an eye for the future. There are many factors that play a vital role in the selection of accounting software. We tend to overlook certain small but significant factors which describes the efficiency of the software. You will certainly at some point of time rely on definite support but you must do your home work as it the matter of your companys accounts. Accounts or financial data shows the performance and growth of a company. This information has to be preserved in a secured way as it holds all the secrets of a company. Hence, for a companys head or owner it is important to choose specific software which proffers you space, solidity and consistency. Starting with selection, it is a head ache if you do not belong to the accounting or commerce fraternity. It does not matter; all you need to do is to know your requirements. In order to do so, you will need to discuss with your accounting team. Don not rely on famous and popular accounting software and you should confirm that it fulfill your needs. In fact, have a meeting or meetings and try to bring up a list of requirements. In that case you must check the following points Security, yes, when it comes to accounts it is never safe to rely on something you dont know. Bugs are common in software and any bug can kill your entire annual history. However, if anyone has all your accounting data then you might have to face prolong nightmares. So, talk to your team and verify the software in order to check its reliability. If the software is secured then around 50% of your problem is solved. Requirements, yes, you will need to check the requirements such as resources it needs to initiate. A huge software can ask for millions dollars of resources and infrastructure. A large company usually takes around six to seven months to set up their system. So, you need to verify certain aspects such as resource requirement. In this section, back up plays an important point so; you must check that aspect too. System shutdown and power failure are common happenings. Flexibility rather usability of the system plays an important role. Irrespective of the strength of your company, you must choose a system that can revolve itself on timely basis along with the company. When your business expands your accounts also grows in the same magnitude, it is directly proportional to each other. In fact, you must select a robust system that can offer you such space. And I do not favor repeated switching of accounting software. Hence, this is a major point to look for in accounting business system. If you can get hold of such factors and comprise it into your software then you are on the correct track. Software needs to have proper security which encloses the reliability factor. Then, accounting software must have all the resources to offer any kind of backup if any power mishap or system crashes. Finally, all you need is flexibility of switching whenever needed. Software has updates and versions, so make sure that you have the latest version. As you company will grow you accounts will expand too, thus, you must take a note of that. Irrespective of your company magnitude, small, or mid-sized, or large, you must look for such attributes when it comes to accounting business software. At the end, you will have two choices, either desktop base software or online software. Think wisely and choose. Accounting Software- The Benefits You Can Take Word Count: 605 Computers together with their applications have become incorporated to mans life. It is something that could provide you with information in a very efficient manner and could relieve you from different task that simply rule over your life. Well, one of the mundane tasks in which people love avoiding from is accounting. It could really be frustrating working with figures and solving different financial problems. Well, if you are one of those people who are thinking about a good way on how to manage accounting issues, then making use of accounting software would be a great idea. Here are some of the benefits that you can possibly take if you use this kind of software: Ease of accessibility- most of the accounting programs these day are offering simple as well as easy interface top assist in entering the accounting data without any difficulty. Even those people with only little or no experience in accounting could really feel the assurance that the data they had entered is correct. In most software applications, the data-entry points will correct or will ask you for confirmations when something appear to be entered in a wrong manner. This feature of accounting software could really help you in saving hours of work. Reports- Most of the software programs has some functionality with regards to reporting. It actually lets the business owner in reviewing the latest status of the business any time. It could be done by simple press and clicks. The additional flexibility of having an accurate as well as reliable data could enable the user in making informed as well as educated decisions. Making the quality reports is usually a job of an accountant or of the owner of the business. Well, computers already took this role over them. Thus, it makes the accounting software efficient and effective. Solutions- though accounting software could do the task of accounting in a very less as well as intimidating time, they also opened the doors for fraud. Thus, staying with a secure procedure and locking down your computer system using passwords is something essential if you really want to prevent your business from dishonest employee from stealing things from you. So, simply keep it locked all the time. Taxes- at the end of the year, lots of people find themselves mixing up just to get the data in order to prepare their personal as well as tax returns into their business. As a matter of fact, many people totally find this matter a really daunting job in which they are farming out the process for a tax professional rather than dealing with it by themselves. Most of the accounting programs are designed, thus the user could map up the items in an individual manner. As a result, the information could be exported to different kinds of tax software. When it is done correctly with the set up of the software itself, the business owner could efficiently save themselves from the cost of preparing tax each and every year. You can surely make accounting job easier by making use of the accounting software. With such, those advantages mentioned above could be easily attained without taking any sort of circumstances or confusions unlike what you used to experience by using traditional accounting. Thus, what are you waiting for? Do not let yourself and your business left behind. Get yourself involved by simply using a good accounting software and make things effective and efficient. Simply keep those benefits in mind. Using good accounting software truly values the money you spent for having it. So, what are you waiting for? Get one now.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

The Capricious Camera Essay -- Germany Nazis Phototgraphy Papers

The Capricious Camera In the years between 1933 and 1945, Germany was engulfed by the rise of a powerful new regime and the eventual spoils of war. During this period, Hitler's quest for racial purification turned Germany not only at odds with itself, but with the rest of the world. Photography as an art and as a business became a regulated and potent force in the fight for Aryan domination, Nazi influence, and anti-Semitism. Whether such images were used to promote Nazi ideology, document the Holocaust, or scare Germany's citizens into accepting their own changing country, the effect of this photography provides enormous insight into the true stories and lives of the people most affected by Hitler's racism. In fact, this photography has become so widespread in our understanding and teaching of the Holocaust that often other factors involved in the Nazi's racial policy have been undervalued in our history textbooks-especially the attempt by Nazi Germany to establish the Nordic Aryans as a master race thro ugh the Lebensborn experiment, a breeding and adoption program designed to eliminate racial imperfections. This other side of the story, so to speak, is evident in Nazi photography, but is not easily accessible or even immediately apparent to viewers. The photograph Mounted Nazi Troops on the Lookout for Likely Polish Children would not be so shocking or historically suggestive without the caption to describe its significance. Who is this young white girl surrounded by armed soldiers? Is she being protected, watched, persecuted? It would be easy enough to assume that she is Jewish, but unlike photos documenting the Holocaust, with this image the intent is uncertain. In our general ignorance of the events surrounding th... ...saw the image as artistic, subsequent events compel us to try and see the image of the Polish girl with Nazis as journalism. In this endeavor, we must uncover as much as possible about the surrounding context. As much as we can, we need to know this girl's particular story. Without a name, date, place, or relevant data, this girl would fall even further backwards into the chapters of unrecorded history. Works Cited "Mounted Nazi Troops on the Lookout for Likely Polish Children." Clay and Leapman. Clay, Catrine and Michael Leapman. Master Race: The Lebensborn Experiment in Nazi Germany. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1995. Milton, Sybil. "The Camera as Weapon: Documentary Photography and the Holocaust." Multimedia Learning Center ÂÂ ­ Museum of Tolerance. The Simon Wiesenthal Center. 1999<http:// motlc.wiesenthal.com/resources/books/ annual1/chap03.html>.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Clothing, Handbags and Jewelry Industries in the Us

Clothing Accessories * The global clothing accessories industry is worth close to $16. 5 billion, according to research from Packaged Facts. During the economic recession, many consumers opted to buy accessories instead of more expensive items of clothing(Accessories can be sold even in recession). Spending patterns concerning accessories are slightly different than clothing purchases as accessories are often bought on impulse or as add-on purchases. The world clothing accessories market is expected to exceed $20 billion by 2012.The global clothing accessories market is expected to see growth resume in the post recession period. Consumer confidence is recovering from the lows of the economic recession, with shoppers more willing to splash out on luxury and non-essential items. As consumers become increasingly conscious about the environment, demand for environmentally friendly luggage will rise(focus more on environmental friendly products, could also be used as a marketing strategy) . Handbags This U. S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing women's handbags and purses of any material (except precious metal).This 6-digit NAICS industry (316992) is under the hierarchy of Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing Industry (31699), Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing Subsector (316), and the Manufacturing Sector (31-33). Revenue, Profitability ; Foreign Trade Preview The industry's revenue for the year 2010 was approximately $351. 1 million USD, with an estimated gross profit of 51. 29%. Import was valued at $2. 3 billion USD from 111 countries. The industry also exported $256. 2 million USD worth of merchandise to 117 countries.Adding import value to and subtracting export value from the industry's shipment value, the total domestic demand for the industry in 2010 was $2. 4 billion USD. (This could be the biggest market for sale) Jewelry 1) Costume jewelry is considered a discrete category of fashion accessory, and display s many characteristics of a self-contained industry. Costume jewelry manufacturers are located throughout the world, with a particular concentration in parts of China and India, where entire city-wide and region-wide economies are dominated by the trade of these goods.There has been considerable controversy in the United States and elsewhere about the lack of regulations in the manufacture of such jewelry—these range from human rights issues surrounding the treatment of labor, to the use of manufacturing processes in which small, but potentially harmful, amounts of toxic metals are added during production. (lot of cadmium found) As part of the supply chain, wholesalers in the United States and other nations purchase costume jewelry from manufacturers and typically import or export it to wholesale distributors and suppliers who deal directly with retailers.Wholesale costume jewelry merchants would traditionally seek out new suppliers at trade shows. As the Internet has become increasingly important in global trade, the trade-show model has changed. Retailers can now select from a large number of wholesalers with sites on the World Wide Web. Some of these sites also market directly to consumers, who can purchase costume jewelry at greatly reduced prices. Some of these sites include fashion jewelry as a separate category, while some use this term in favor of costume jewelry.The trend of jewelry-making at home by hobbyists for personal enjoyment or for sale on sites like Etsy has resulted in the common practice of buying wholesale costume jewelry in bulk and using it for parts. 2) World costume jewelry market stands enthused by the increasing emphasis laid down by consumers on fashion and style(most important for the attraction of the customers). Demand for costume jewelry and fashion accessories, such as, rings, earrings, bracelets, bangles, lockets, and brooches, is waxing at a healthy pace, driven largely by consumer preference for affordable, yet fashio nable jewelry.Costume jewelry has tailored looks and styles borrowed from fine jewelry. However, updated impressions of these are needed to supplement and accessorize the latest apparel from couture houses and the fashion industry. Fashions in costume jewelry are generally reflected in the ready-to-wear apparel and accessories industry. Given the relative inexpensiveness and affordability of costume jewelry, purchases are predominantly impulsive especially for the younger generation(could be one of the main target markets).Designing of costume jewelry is closely in line with the apparel market. Strong economic development in developing countries, rise in GDP, standards of living, and disposable incomes, are all factors fuelling the market's growth. Growing sophistication of consumer tastes(what exactly does the customer wants? ) in the developed markets is fingered as a key reason for sales gain in these markets. Design innovations from manufacturers and fashion designers are helpin g attract fashion-savvy consumers.Unique designs, durability, and high quality are all variables for product success in the marketplace. General idea about the market for jewelry Costume jewelry market worldwide is dominated by the United States with an estimated 32. 49% share in the year 2007, as stated by Global Industry Analysts, Inc. Asia-Pacific represents the fastest growing market, mirroring a projected CAGR of 6. 93% over the period 2000 to 2010. In the Necklaces, bracelets & chains market, sales are forecast to rise by US$3,853 million between the period 2007 to 2015.Global sales of Brooches, Pendants & Pins are projected to reach US$2. 0 billion by the year 2015. Ear Rings market in Asia-Pacific is forecast to grow at a robust CAGR of 9. 52% over the 2011 to 2015 period. Leading players operating in the global costume jewelry market include Avon Products Inc, Adrian Buckley Jewellery, DCK Concessions Ltd, H. Stern Com. & Ind. S. A, K&M Associates, The Colibri Group, Roman Research Inc. , and Swank Inc. (we could implement their strategies)